Ma Chemical equations amayimira machitidwe amankhwala. Ndiye momwe mungapangire equation yamankhwala yolondola kwambiri. Njira zogwira mtima zomwe zili pansipa zikuthandizani kuthana ndi zovuta zopanga ma equation amankhwala kuchokera pazoyambira mpaka zapamwamba mosavuta.

Mukuwona: Kuvuta kulinganiza ma chemical equation exercise

B. Momwe mungasinthire ma equation amankhwala

Khwerero 1: Konzani chithunzi cha reaction

Gawo 2: Sinthani nambala ya atomiki ya chinthu chilichonse

Gawo 3: Lembani equation ya mankhwala.

Njira zina zofananira

1. Njira ya “ngakhale – yosamvetseka”: onjezani coefficient kutsogolo kwa chinthu chokhala ndi index yodabwitsa kuti chiwerengero cha maatomu a chinthucho chifanane.

Chitsanzo 1:Yerekezerani zochita zotsatirazi

Al + HCl → AlCl3+ H2

Rection balancing Guide

Timangofunika kuwonjezera gawo la 2 pamaso pa AlCl3 kuti tipereke ma atomu a Cl. Kenako, mbali yakumanja ili ndi ma atomu 6 Cl mu 2AlCl3, kotero mbali yakumanzere imawonjezera gawo la 6 pamaso pa HCl.

Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3+ H2

Mbali yakumanja ili ndi ma atomu a 2 mu 2AlCl3, kumanzere timawonjezera gawo la 2 pamaso pa Al.

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3+ H2

Mbali yakumanzere ili ndi ma atomu a 6 H mu 6HCl, kotero kumanja timawonjezera gawo la 3 pamaso pa H2.

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3+ 3H2

Chitsanzo 2:Sanjani ma reaction equation awa:

P + O2 → P2O5

Equation Balancing Guide

Khwerero 1: Konzani chithunzi cha reaction

P + O2 → P2O5

Khwerero 2: Yerekezerani nambala ya atomiki ya element/elementi gulu

Mbali yakumanzere: 1 P atomu, 2 O . maatomu

Kumanja: 2 P maatomu, 5 O . maatomu

Madzulo chiwerengero cha ma atomu O ndi chinthu chochuluka kwambiri kumanzere kwa zomwe zimachitika, kugwirizanitsa chiwerengero cha ma atomu a O mbali zonse, kuwonjezera chinthu cha 5 mpaka O2 ndi chinthu cha 2 mpaka P2O5ta:

P + O2——- → 2P2O5

Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa ma atomu P mbali zonse ziwiri, onjezani factor 4 mpaka P, timapeza

4P + 5O2——-→ 2P2O5

Gawo 3. Lembani equation ya mankhwala

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5

Chitsanzo 3:Konzani chemical reaction iyi:

Fe(OH)3→ Fe2O3+ H2O

Kalozera watsatanetsatane

Khwerero 1: Konzani chithunzi cha reaction

Fe(OH)3→ Fe2O3+ H2O

Khwerero 2: Sinthani nambala ya atomiki ya chinthu/gulu la ma atomu

Mbali yakumanzere: 1 Fe atomu, 3 O maatomu, 3 H

Mbali yakumanzere: 2 Fe maatomu, 4 O maatomu, 2 H

Timawona mbali ya kumanzere chiwerengero cha ma atomu H ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma atomu O, n’zotheka kupanga chiwerengero cha ma atomu O kapena H.

Apa timasankha kupanga ngakhale chiwerengero cha maatomu a H poyamba, kulinganiza chiwerengero cha maatomu a H kumbali zonse, kuwonjezera chinthu cha 2 ku Fe (OH) 3 ndi chiwerengero cha 3 mpaka H2O, timapeza:

2Fe(OH)3——→ Fe2O3+ H2O

Onetsetsani kuti chiwerengero cha maatomu a Fe ndi O mbali zonse ndi oyenerera

Gawo 3:Lembani equation ya mankhwala

2Fe(OH)3——→ Fe2O3+ H2O

Chitsanzo 4:Konzani chemical equation kuti mumve zotsatirazi:

Al2(SO4)3+ BaCl2→ BaSO4+ AlCl3

Kalozera watsatanetsatane

Gawo 1:Konzani chithunzi cha reaction

Al2(SO4)3+ BaCl2——-→ BaSO4+ AlCl3

Gawo 2:Sinthani nambala ya atomiki ya chinthu/gulu la ma atomu

Mbali yakumanzere: 2 ma atomu a Al. Magulu atatu a SO4, 1 atomu ya Ba, 2 maatomu a Cl

Kumanja: 1 Al atomu, 1 SO4 gulu, 1 B atomu, 3 Cl. maatomu

Madzulo chiwerengero cha magulu a SO4 ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi zambiri kumanzere kwa zomwe zimachitika, sungani chiwerengero cha magulu a SO4 kumbali zonse ziwiri, onjezerani chinthu cha 3 ku BaSO4ta.

Al2(SO4)3+ BaCl2——-→ 3BaSO4+ AlCl3

Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa ma atomu mbali zonse ziwiri, onjezani factor 3 ku BaCl2ta kuti mupeze

Al2(SO4)3+ 3BaCl2——-→ 3BaSO4+ AlCl3

Kulinganiza kuchuluka kwa ma atomu a Al mbali zonse, ndikuwonjezera gawo la 2 ku AlCl3, timapeza:

Al2(SO4)3+ 3BaCl2——-→ 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3

Gawo 3:Lembani equation ya mankhwala

Al2(SO4)3+ 3BaCl2→ 3BaSO4+ 2AlCl3

2. Njira ya Algebraic

Tsatirani zotsatirazi kuti mukhazikitse chemical equation:

Khwerero 1: Ikani ma coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f, … kutsogolo kwa mankhwala omwe akuyimira zinthu mbali zonse za zomwe zimachitika.

Gawo 2: Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa ma atomu kumbali zonse ziwiri za equation ndi dongosolo la equation lomwe lili ndi zosadziwika monga ma coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f, g….

Khwerero 3: Konzani dongosolo la ma equation lomwe langopangidwa kuti mupeze ma coefficients.

Gawo 4: Ikani ma coefficients omwe angopezeka mu chemical reaction equation kuti mutsirize zomwe zachitika.

Chenjerani:

Njira ya algebraic yothetsera zosadziwika izi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zovuta komanso zovuta kugwirizanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera ma elemental, ophunzira ayenera kudziwa njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito njirayo.

Ma coefficients omwe amapezeka pambuyo pothetsa dongosolo la ma equation ndi manambala abwino kwambiri.

Chitsanzo: Yerekezerani zimene mungachite

Cu + H2SO4 wandiweyani, wotentha → CuSO4+ SO2+ H2O (1)

Rection balancing Guide

Khwerero 1: Ikani ma coefficients otchulidwa ngati a, b, c, d, e mu equation yomwe ili pamwambapa, tili ndi:

aCu + bH2SO4 wandiweyani, otentha → cCuSO4+ dSO2+ eH2O

Khwerero 2: Kenako, pangani dongosolo la ma equation potengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zisanachitike kapena zitachitika, (kuchuluka kwa ma atomiki ku mbali zonse kukhale kofanana).

Ku: a = c (1)

S: b = c + d (2)

H: 2b = 2e (3)

O: 4b = 4c + 2d + e (4)

Khwerero 3: Konzani dongosolo la ma equation ndi:

Kuchokera ku pt(3), sankhani e = b = 1 (gawo lina lililonse lingasankhidwe).

Kuchokera ku pt (2), (4) ndi (1) => c = a = d = 1/2 => c = a = d = 1; e = b = 2 (ndiko kuti, tikuchepetsa denominator).

Khwerero 4: Kuyika ma coefficients omwe angopezeka mu reaction equation, timapeza equation yathunthu.

Cu + 2H2SO4 yolimba, yotentha → CuSO4+ SO2+ 2H2O

Chitsanzo 2.Konzani ma equation amankhwala pansipa

Cu + HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2+ NO2+ H2O

Kalozera watsatanetsatane

Khwerero 1: Ikani ma coefficients a, b, c, d, e kutsogolo kwa mankhwala omwe akuyimira zinthu mbali zonse za zomwe zimachitika, timapeza.

aCu + bHNO3→ cCu(NO3)2+ dNO2+ eH2O

Khwerero 2: Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa ma atomu mbali zonse za equation ndi dongosolo la ma equation okhala ndi zosadziwika, a, b, c, d, e pamwamba

Ku: a= c (1)

H: b = 2e (2)

N: b = 2c + d (3)

O: 3b = 6c + 2d + e (4)

Khwerero 3. Kuthetsa dongosolo la ma equation ndi:

Mu sitepe iyi, tigawa coefficient iliyonse yofanana ndi 1, kenako ndikudalira ma equation a dongosolo kuti athetse zosadziwika.

Sankhani: a = c = 1, kuchokera ku equation (2), (3), (4) tikhoza kupeza coefficient of equation

b = 2+ d => 3b = 6 + 3d

3b = 6 + 2d + e 3b = 6 + 2d + e

3d = 2d + e => d= e = 1/2b (5)

Kuchokera ku equation (4), (5) tili ndi equation:

3b = 6 + 2.1/2b + 1/2b 3b = 6+3/2b 3/2b=6 b = 4

M’malo mwake tili ndi d = e = 2

Kuthetsa dongosolo lomaliza la equations tili ndi: a = 1, b = 4, c = 1, d = 2, e = 2

Khwerero 4: Kuyika ma coefficients omwe angopezeka mu reaction equation, timapeza equation yathunthu

Ku + 4HNO3→ Ku(NO3)2+ 2NO2+ 2H2O

3. Yendetsani equation pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ma elekitironi

Malamulo ozindikiritsa manambala a okosijeni pamachitidwe a redox.

Lamulo 1: Nambala ya okosijeni ya zinthu mu chinthu ndi 0.

Lamulo 2: Muzinthu zambiri:

Nambala ya okosijeni ya H ndi +1 (kupatulapo mankhwala a H okhala ndi zitsulo monga KH, BaH2, ndiye H ali ndi nambala ya okosijeni -1).

Nambala ya okosijeni ya O ndi -2 (kupatula nthawi zina monga H2O2, F2O, mpweya uli ndi manambala a okosijeni a -1, +2, motsatira).

Lamulo 3: Mu molekyulu, chiwerengero cha algebraic cha ma oxidation manambala a zinthu ndi ziro.Molingana ndi lamuloli, titha kupeza nambala ya okosijeni ya chinthu china mu molekyulu ngati nambala ya okosijeni ya chinthucho imadziwika. .

Lamulo 4: Mu monatomic ion, nambala ya okosijeni ya atomu ndi yofanana ndi mtengo wa ion. Mu ion polyatomic, chiwerengero cha algebraic cha manambala oxidation a ma atomu mu ayoni ndi ofanana ndi mtengo wake.

C. Chemical equation balance exercise with solutions

Pansipa pali chidule cha zochitika zina za kusanja ma equation a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pa mafunso a mayeso a chemistry a sitandade 8. Njira yayikulu ndi njira yachikhalidwe.

Fomu 1: Kulinganiza ma equation a mankhwala

1) MgCl2+ KOH → Mg(OH)2+ KCl

2) Cu(OH)2+ HCl → CuCl2+ H2O

3) Cu(OH)2+ H2SO4→ CuSO4+ H2O

4) FeO + HCl → FeCl2+ H2O

5) Fe2O3+ H2SO4→ Fe2(SO4)3+ H2O

6) Cu(NO3)2+ NaOH → Cu(OH)2+ NaNO3

7) P + O2 → P2O5

8) N2+ O2→ NO

9) AYI + O2 → NO2

10) NO2+ O2+ H2O → HNO3

11) Na2O + H2O → NaOH

12) Ca(OH)2+ Na2CO3→ CaCO3+ NaOH

13) Fe2O3+ H2→ Fe + H2O

14) Mg(OH)2+ HCl → MgCl2+ H2O

15) FeI3→ FeI2+ I2

16) AgNO3+ K3PO4→ Ag3PO4+ KNO3

17) SO2+ Ba(OH)2→ BaSO3+ H2O

18) Ag + Cl2 → AgCl

19) FeS + HCl → FeCl2+ H2S

20) Pb(OH)2+ HNO3→ Pb(NO3)2+ H2O

Mayankho a balance chemical equations

1) MgCl2+ 2KOH → Mg(OH)2+ 2KCl

2) Cu(OH)2+ 2HCl → CuCl2+ 2H2O

3) Cu(OH)2+ H2SO4→ CuSO4+ 2H2O

4) FeO + 2HCl → FeCl2+ H2O

5) Fe2O3+ 3H2SO4→ Fe2(SO4)3+ 3H2O

6) Cu(NO3)2+ 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2+ 2NaNO3

7) 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5

8) N2+ O2→ 2NO

9) 2NO + O2 → 2NO2

10) 4NO2+ O2+ 2H2O → 4HNO3

11) Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH

12) Ca(OH)2+ Na2CO3→ CaCO3+ 2NaOH

13) Fe2O3+ 3H2→ 2Fe + 3H2O

14) Mg(OH)2+ 2HCl → MgCl2+ H2O

15) 2FeI3→ 2FeI2+ I2

16) 3AgNO3+ K3PO4→ Ag3PO4+ 3KNO3

17) SO2+ Ba(OH)2→ BaSO3+ H2O

18) 2Ag + Cl2 → 2AgCl

19) FeS + 2HCl → FeCl2+ H2S

20) Pb(OH)2+ 2HNO3→ Pb(NO3)2+ 2H2O

Fomu 2. Sankhani coefficient ndi makemikolo oyenerera kuti mudzaze chizindikiro mu chemical equation

a) Al2O3+ → ?AlCl3+ ?H2O

b) H3PO4+ ?KOH → K3PO4+?

c) ?NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3+ ?

d) Mg + ?HCl → ? +?H2

e) ? H2+ O2→ ?

f) P2O5+? → ?H3PO4

g) CaO + ?HCl → CaCl2+ H2O

h) CuSO4+ BaCl2→ BaSO4+ ?

Mayankho amabalance equations

a) Al2O3+ 6HCl → 2AlCl3+3H2O

b) H3PO4+ 3KOH → K3PO4+ 3H2O

c) 2NaOH + CO2→ Na2CO3+ H2O

d) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2+ H2

e) 2H2+ O2→ 2H2O

f) P2O5+ 3H2O → 2H3PO4

g) CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2+ H2O

h) CuSO4+ BaCl2→ BaSO4+ CuCl2

Fomu 3. Pangani chithunzi cha atomiki ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a chinthu chilichonse pambuyo pakuchitapo kwa mankhwala

Perekani chithunzi cha machitidwe otsatirawa:

a) Na + O2 → Na2O

b) P2O5+ H2O → H3PO4

c) HgO → Hg + O2

d) Fe(OH)3→ Fe2O3+ H2O

Lembani equation ya mankhwala ndikupereka chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha ma atomu ndi mamolekyu a zinthuzo muzochita zilizonse.

Yankho:Mutuwu ndi wovuta kuumvetsa, koma ngati mulinganiza ma chemical equation, njira zonse zidzamveka bwino. Nkhaniyi ndiyosavuta kwambiri moti imatha kukhazikika nthawi yomweyo:

a) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O

Chiŵerengero: chiwerengero cha ma atomu a Na: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a O2: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a Na2O = 4: 1: 2. (Oxygen sayenera kusungidwa ngati chinthu koma iyenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe a molekyulu ofanana ndi haidrojeni)

b) P2O5+ 3H2O → 2H3PO4

Chiwerengero: Chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a P2O5: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a H2O: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a H3PO4 = 1: 3: 2.

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c) 2HgO → 2Hg + O2

Chiŵerengero: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a HgO: chiwerengero cha maatomu a Hg: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a O2= 2: 2: 1. (kufotokoza mofanana ndi chiganizo a), oxygen iyenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe a molekyulu)

d) 2Fe(OH)3→ Fe2O3+ 3H2O

Chiŵerengero: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a Fe (OH) 3: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a Fe2O3: chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a H2O = 2: 1: 3. ndi yayitali)

Fomu 4: General Organic Compound Equilibrium

1) CnH2n+ O2→ CO2+ H2O

2) CnH2n + 2+ O2→ CO2+ H2O

3) CnH2n – 2+ O2→ CO2+ H2O

4) CnH2n – 6+ O2→ CO2+ H2O

5) CnH2n + 2O + O2→ CO2+ H2O

Chiganizo

5 * mtundu. Sanjani ma equation amankhwala awa omwe ali

1) FexOy+ H2→ Fe + H2O

2) FexOy+ HCl → FeCl2y/x+ H2O

3) FexOy+ H2SO4→ Fe2(SO4)2y/x+ H2O

4) M + H2SO4→ M2(SO4)n+ SO2+ H2O

5) M + HNO3 → M(NO3)n+ NO + H2O

6) FexOy+ H2SO4→ Fe2(SO4)2y/x+ SO2+ H2O

7) Fe3O4+ HNO3→ Fe(NO3)3+ NxOy+ H2O

Yankhani

1) FexOy+ yH2→ xFe + yH2O

2) FexOy+ 2yHCl → xFeCl2y/x + yH2O

(3) 2FexOy+2yH2SO4→ xFe2(SO4)2y/x + 2yH2O

4) 2M + 2nH2SO4→ M2(SO4)n+ nSO2+2nH2O

5) M + 2nHNO3→ M(NO3)n + 2nNO + H2O

7) (5x – 2y) Fe3O4+ (46x – 18y) HNO3→ 3(5x – 2y) Fe(NO3)3+ NxOy+ (23x – 9y)H2O

Ndemanga Zapadera:Ma molekyulu samagawanika konse, kotero mosasamala kanthu za njira yofananira, zotsatira zake ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ma coefficients ndi manambala.